Weather module unit tests passing

files in the project

Cargo.toml

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 name = "unibar"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
+license = "MIT"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
@@ -10,4 +11,8 @@ serde = "1.0.196"
 serde_json = "1.0.113"
 curl = "0.4.46"
 regex = "1.11.1"
+chrono = "0.4.41"
+chrono-tz = "0.10.3"
+iana-time-zone = "0.1.63"
 clap = { version = "4.5.1", features = ["derive"] }
+thiserror = "1.0"

README.md

@@ -6,15 +6,32 @@ Simple bar written in Rust
 
 * A tool that returns variety of components in a string suitable to use in a
   status bar
+* Currently implemented modules:
+  - date
+  - memory
+  - music
+  - network
+  - power
+  - time
+  - weather
+  - cpu
 
 # Usage
 
 * Use the `--help` option for usage information:
 
 ```sh
+A tool that returns variety of components in a string
+ suitable to use in a status bar
+
 Usage: unibar [OPTIONS]
 
 Options:
+  -i, --interval <INTERVAL>
+          Update interval in seconds
+
+          [default: 5]
+
   -s, --weather-station <WEATHER_STATION>
           Name of the weather station
 
@@ -26,8 +43,11 @@ Options:
   -p, --music-progress
           Show music progess
 
-  -D, --debug-json
-          Show JSON data returned by query
+  -D, --debug
+          Show verbose debug information during run
+
+  -M, --debug-modules
+          Show module debug information after all modules are evaluated but before output is printed
 
   -h, --help
           Print help (see a summary with '-h')
@@ -42,12 +62,17 @@ Options:
 
 ```shell
 $ target/release/unibar
-🌧️ 55.94°F 𝄞 Dire Straits - Tunnel of Love
+status ⏸ Dire Straits - Tunnel of Love 💾 24% 💻 2% 🔌 100% 📶 192.168.1.93 ☀️ 83°F 📅 2025 Jun 07 🕑 09:24PM -07:00
+status ⏸ Dire Straits - Tunnel of Love 💾 24% 💻 2% 🔌 100% 📶 192.168.1.93 ☀️ 83°F 📅 2025 Jun 07 🕑 09:24PM -07:00
+status ⏸ Dire Straits - Tunnel of Love 💾 24% 💻 2% 🔌 100% 📶 192.168.1.93 ☀️ 83°F 📅 2025 Jun 07 🕑 09:25PM -07:00
+^C
 ```
 
 * With music progress
 
 ```shell
 $ target/release/unibar --music-progress
-🌧️ 55.94°F 𝄞 Dire Straits - Tunnel of Love [ 22% 14:23]
+status ⏸ Dire Straits - Tunnel of Love [6% 14:23] 💾 24% 💻 1% 🔌 100% 📶 192.168.1.93 ☀️ 83°F 📅 2025 Jun 07 🕑 09:25PM -07:00
+status ⏸ Dire Straits - Tunnel of Love [6% 14:23] 💾 24% 💻 1% 🔌 100% 📶 192.168.1.93 ☀️ 83°F 📅 2025 Jun 07 🕑 09:25PM -07:00
+^C
 ```

src/bar_modules/bar_module_cpu.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+// MIT License
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh @ HeshApps
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+//! CPU usage monitoring module for Unibar
+//!
+//! This module tracks CPU utilization by sampling /proc/stat and calculating
+//! the percentage of time spent in different CPU states. It provides real-time
+//! CPU usage information for display in the status bar.
+
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufReader};
+use std::thread;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use crate::common;
+use crate::bar_modules;
+
+/// Represents CPU time spent in various states
+/// 
+/// This struct holds counters for different CPU states as reported by /proc/stat.
+/// Each field represents the amount of time the CPU has spent in that particular state
+/// since system boot, measured in USER_HZ units (typically 100Hz).
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+struct CpuTimes {
+    user:       u64,
+    nice:       u64,
+    system:     u64,
+    idle:       u64,
+    iowait:     u64,
+    irq:        u64,
+    softirq:    u64,
+    steal:      u64,
+    guest:      u64,
+    guest_nice: u64,
+}
+
+impl CpuTimes {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        CpuTimes {
+            user:       0,
+            nice:       0,
+            system:     0,
+            idle:       0,
+            iowait:     0,
+            irq:        0,
+            softirq:    0,
+            steal:      0,
+            guest:      0,
+            guest_nice: 0
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.user
+            + self.nice
+            + self.system
+            + self.idle
+            + self.iowait
+            + self.irq
+            + self.softirq
+            + self.steal
+            + self.guest
+            + self.guest_nice
+    }
+
+    fn idle(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.idle + self.iowait
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct UnibarModuleCpu {
+    opts:               common::AppOptions,
+    cpu_times_sample_1: CpuTimes,
+    cpu_times_sample_2: CpuTimes,
+}
+
+impl UnibarModuleCpu {
+
+    // --------------------
+    pub fn new(o :common::AppOptions) -> Self {
+        UnibarModuleCpu {
+            opts: o,
+            cpu_times_sample_1: CpuTimes::new(),
+            cpu_times_sample_2: CpuTimes::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    // cpu  242109 7 60985 6538626 8344 39138 9647 0 0 0
+    //  * user - time spent in user mode
+    //  * nice - time spent processing nice processes in user mode
+    //  * system - time spent executing kernel code
+    //  * idle - time spent idle
+    //  * iowait - time spent waiting for I/O
+    //  * irq - time spent servicing interrupts
+    //  * softirq - time spent servicing software interrupts
+    //  * steal - time stolen from a virtual machine
+    //  * guest - time spent running a virtual CPU for a guest operating system
+    //  * guest_nice - time spent running a virtual CPU for a “niced” guest operating system
+    fn read_cpu_times(&self) -> io::Result<CpuTimes> {
+        let file = File::open("/proc/stat")?;
+        let reader = BufReader::new(file);
+
+        for line in reader.lines() {
+            let line = line?;
+            if line.starts_with("cpu ") {
+                let fields: Vec<u64> = line.split_whitespace().skip(1).map(|s| s.parse().unwrap_or(0)).collect();
+
+                if fields.len() >= 8 {
+                    return Ok(CpuTimes {
+                        user:       fields[0],
+                        nice:       fields[1],
+                        system:     fields[2],
+                        idle:       fields[3],
+                        iowait:     fields[4],
+                        irq:        fields[5],
+                        softirq:    fields[6],
+                        steal:      fields[7],
+                        guest:      if fields.len() > 8 { fields[8] } else { 0 },
+                        guest_nice: if fields.len() > 9 { fields[9] } else { 0 },
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Could not find cpu line in /proc/stat"))
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleActions for UnibarModuleCpu {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_name(&self) -> String {
+        return "UnibarModuleCpu".to_string();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.cpu_times_sample_1 = CpuTimes::new();
+        self.cpu_times_sample_2 = CpuTimes::new();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn generate_data(&mut self) {
+        self.cpu_times_sample_1 = self.read_cpu_times().expect("Trouble getting CPU times sample 1");
+        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
+        self.cpu_times_sample_2 = self.read_cpu_times().expect("Trouble getting CPU times sample 2");
+
+        if self.opts.debug {
+            println!("-----> CPU times sample 1 - {:#?}", self.cpu_times_sample_1);
+            println!("-----> CPU times sample 2 - {:#?}", self.cpu_times_sample_2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_content(&self) -> String {
+        let sample_1_total = self.cpu_times_sample_1.total();
+        let sample_2_total = self.cpu_times_sample_2.total();
+
+        let sample_1_idle = self.cpu_times_sample_1.idle();
+        let sample_2_idle = self.cpu_times_sample_2.idle();
+
+        let total_diff = sample_2_total - sample_1_total;
+        let idle_diff = sample_2_idle - sample_1_idle;
+
+        if total_diff > 0 {
+            let cpu_usage = (1.0 - (idle_diff as f64 / total_diff as f64)) * 100.0;
+            return format!("{}%", cpu_usage.ceil() as i32);
+        } else {
+            return format!("CPU?");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_icon(&self) -> String {
+        return "💻".to_string();
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleDebug for UnibarModuleCpu {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn post_debug(&self) {
+    }
+}

src/bar_modules/bar_module_date.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// MIT License
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh @ HeshApps
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+//! Date module for Unibar
+//!
+//! This module displays the current date in a formatted string.
+//! It updates automatically to show the current date with month,
+//! day, and year information.
+//!
+//! # Features
+//! - Formatted date display
+//! - Automatic daily updates
+//! - Calendar icon
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, Local};
+use crate::common;
+use crate::bar_modules;
+
+/// Date display module showing current calendar date
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct UnibarModuleDate {
+    opts:       common::AppOptions,
+    date_time:  DateTime<Local>,
+}
+
+impl UnibarModuleDate {
+    // --------------------
+    pub fn new(o :common::AppOptions) -> Self {
+        UnibarModuleDate {
+            opts:       o,
+            date_time:  Local::now(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleActions for UnibarModuleDate {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_name(&self) -> String {
+        return "UnibarModuleDate".to_string();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.date_time = Local::now();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn generate_data(&mut self) {
+        if self.opts.debug {
+            println!("-----> Date dump {:#?}", self.date_time);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_content(&self) -> String {
+        return format!("{}", self.date_time.format("%Y %h %d"));
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_icon(&self) -> String {
+        return "📅".to_string();
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleDebug for UnibarModuleDate {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn post_debug(&self) {
+    }
+}

src/bar_modules/bar_module_memory.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// MIT License
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh @ HeshApps
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+//! Memory module for Unibar
+//!
+//! This module monitors system memory usage by reading /proc/meminfo.
+//! It calculates and displays current memory utilization as a percentage
+//! of total available memory.
+//!
+//! # Features
+//! - Real-time memory usage monitoring
+//! - Percentage-based display
+//! - Automatic updates at configured intervals
+
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::io::prelude::*;
+use regex::Regex;
+
+use crate::common;
+use crate::bar_modules;
+
+/// Memory monitor that displays current system memory usage
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct UnibarModuleMemory {
+    opts:           common::AppOptions,
+    meminfo_str:    String,
+}
+
+impl UnibarModuleMemory {
+
+    // --------------------
+    pub fn new(o :common::AppOptions) -> Self {
+        UnibarModuleMemory {
+            opts: o,
+            meminfo_str: "".to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleActions for UnibarModuleMemory {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_name(&self) -> String {
+        return "UnibarModuleMemory".to_string();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.meminfo_str = "".to_string();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn generate_data(&mut self) {
+        let path = Path::new("/proc/meminfo");
+
+        // Contents of '/proc/meminfo' has memory information
+        let mut meminfo_file = match File::open(&path) {
+            Err(why) => panic!("couldn't open {}: {}", path.display(), why),
+            Ok(file) => file,
+        };
+
+        match meminfo_file.read_to_string(&mut self.meminfo_str) {
+            Err(why) => panic!("couldn't read {}: {}", path.display(), why),
+            Ok(_) => if self.opts.debug {
+                println!("-----> meminfo - {:#?}", self.meminfo_str);
+            },
+        };
+        self.meminfo_str.pop();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    // MemTotal:        7822812 kB\nMemFree:          399244 kB\nMemAvailable:    3986504 kB
+    fn get_content(&self) -> String {
+        let re = Regex::new(r"MemTotal:\s+(\d+)\s+kB\nMemFree:\s+(\d+)\s+kB\nMemAvailable:\s+(\d+)").unwrap();
+        let caps = re.captures(self.meminfo_str.as_str()).unwrap();
+
+        let total_mem :f32 = caps.get(1).unwrap().as_str().parse::<f32>().unwrap();
+        let avail_mem :f32 = caps.get(3).unwrap().as_str().parse::<f32>().unwrap();
+        return format!("{}%", ((total_mem - avail_mem)/total_mem * 100.0).ceil() as i32);
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_icon(&self) -> String {
+        return "💾".to_string();
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleDebug for UnibarModuleMemory {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn post_debug(&self) {
+    }
+}

src/bar_modules/bar_module_music.rs

@@ -1,30 +1,76 @@
+// MIT License
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh @ HeshApps
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+//! Music module for Unibar
+//!
+//! This module displays current music playback information.
+//! It shows the currently playing track and playback progress
+//! using the system's music player.
+//!
+//! # Features
+//! - Current track information
+//! - Playback progress
+//! - Playback state (playing/paused)
+//! - Music note icon
+
 use std::process::{Stdio, Command};
 
 use crate::common;
 use crate::bar_modules;
 
+/// Music playback monitor showing current track and progress
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct UnibarModuleMusic {
-    opts: common::AppOptions,
-    current_stdout :String,
-    progress_stdout :String,
-    state_stdout: String,
+    opts:               common::AppOptions,
+    current_stdout:     String,
+    progress_stdout:    String,
+    state_stdout:       String,
 }
 
 impl UnibarModuleMusic {
     // --------------------
-    pub fn new(o :common::AppOptions) -> UnibarModuleMusic {
+    pub fn new(o :common::AppOptions) -> Self {
         UnibarModuleMusic {
-            opts: o,
-            current_stdout: "".to_string(),
-            progress_stdout: "".to_string(),
-            state_stdout: "stopped".to_string(),
+            opts:               o,
+            current_stdout:     "".to_string(),
+            progress_stdout:    "".to_string(),
+            state_stdout:       "stopped".to_string(),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl bar_modules::BarModuleActions for UnibarModuleMusic {
 
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_name(&self) -> String {
+        return "UnibarModuleMusic".to_string();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.current_stdout     = "".to_string();
+        self.progress_stdout    = "".to_string();
+        self.state_stdout       = "stopped".to_string();
+    }
+
     // --------------------
     fn generate_data(&mut self) {
         // MPD format options here:
@@ -66,7 +112,7 @@ impl bar_modules::BarModuleActions for UnibarModuleMusic {
         parts.push(format!("{}", self.current_stdout));
 
         if self.opts.music_progress {
-            parts.push(format!("[{}]", self.progress_stdout));
+            parts.push(format!("[{}]", self.progress_stdout.trim()));
         }
 
         return format!("{}", parts.join(" "));

src/bar_modules/bar_module_network.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// MIT License
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh @ HeshApps
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+//! Network module for Unibar
+//!
+//! This module monitors network interfaces and displays current connection status
+//! and IP addresses. It supports both wireless and ethernet interfaces, with
+//! different icons for each connection type.
+//!
+//! # Features
+//! - Automatic interface detection
+//! - Priority-based interface selection (ethernet over wireless)
+//! - IP address display
+//! - Connection status monitoring
+
+use serde_json::json;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use std::process::{Stdio, Command};
+
+use crate::common;
+use crate::bar_modules;
+
+/// Network interface monitor that displays connection status and IP addresses
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct UnibarModuleNetwork {
+    opts:           common::AppOptions,
+    ip_addr_stdout: String,
+    network_info:   Value,
+}
+
+impl UnibarModuleNetwork {
+
+    // --------------------
+    pub fn new(o :common::AppOptions) -> Self {
+        UnibarModuleNetwork {
+            opts: o,
+            ip_addr_stdout: "".to_string(),
+            network_info: json!(serde_json::Value::Null),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleActions for UnibarModuleNetwork {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_name(&self) -> String {
+        return "UnibarModuleNetwork".to_string();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.network_info = json!(serde_json::Value::Null);
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn generate_data(&mut self) {
+        // Output of 'ip -j address' command has network information
+        match Command::new("ip")
+                      .arg("-j") // Output in json format
+                      .arg("address")
+                      .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+                      .output() {
+            Err(e) => {
+                eprintln!("Error getting network information {e}");
+                self.network_info = json!(serde_json::Value::Null);
+            }
+            Ok(ip_addr_output) => {
+                self.ip_addr_stdout = String::from_utf8(ip_addr_output.stdout).unwrap();
+                self.ip_addr_stdout.pop();
+
+                let network_data: Value = serde_json::from_str::<Value>(self.ip_addr_stdout.as_str()).unwrap();
+
+                if let Some(interfaces) = network_data.as_array() {
+                    if self.opts.debug {
+                        println!("-----> network_data - {:#?}", network_data);
+                    }
+                    // Get all interfaces that are up
+                    let mut up_intf :Vec<_> = interfaces.iter()
+                                            .filter(|el| el["operstate"].as_str().unwrap().contains("UP"))
+                                            .cloned().collect();
+
+                    // Sort by 'ifname'. This is an unreliable way to proiritize ethernet over wifi.
+                    // Ethenet network interface names normally start with 'e' and wifi interface names
+                    // start with 'w'
+                    up_intf.sort_by(|a, b| a["ifname"].as_str().unwrap().cmp(b["ifname"].as_str().unwrap()));
+                    if up_intf.len() > 0 {
+                        let inet_addr :Vec<_> = up_intf[0]["addr_info"].as_array().unwrap().iter()
+                                                .filter(|ai| ai["scope"].as_str().unwrap().contains("global"))
+                                                .cloned().collect();
+                        if inet_addr.len() > 0 {
+                            if self.opts.debug {
+                                println!("-----> Inet Addr - {:#?}", inet_addr);
+                            }
+                            self.network_info = inet_addr[0].clone();
+                            self.network_info["ifname"] = up_intf[0]["ifname"].clone();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if self.opts.debug {
+            println!("-----> ip_addr - {:#?}", self.network_info);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_content(&self) -> String {
+        if self.network_info != serde_json::Value::Null {
+            // If any interface was up, return the local IP address
+            return self.network_info["local"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
+        }
+        return "Network down".to_string();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_icon(&self) -> String {
+        if self.network_info != serde_json::Value::Null {
+            // Select icon based on which interface is up (ethernet or wifi)
+            if self.network_info["ifname"].as_str().unwrap().to_string().starts_with("w") {
+                return "📶".to_string();
+            } else {
+                return "🌎".to_string();
+            }
+        }
+        return "📡".to_string();
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleDebug for UnibarModuleNetwork {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn post_debug(&self) {
+    }
+}

src/bar_modules/bar_module_power.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// MIT License
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh @ HeshApps
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+//! Power module for Unibar
+//!
+//! This module monitors system power status using UPower.
+//! It displays battery level and charging status with appropriate icons.
+//!
+//! # Features
+//! - Battery level monitoring
+//! - Charging status detection
+//! - Different icons for charging/discharging states
+//! - Automatic updates
+
+use std::process::{Stdio, Command};
+use regex::Regex;
+
+use crate::common;
+use crate::bar_modules;
+
+/// Power monitor that displays battery status and level
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct UnibarModulePower {
+    opts:       common::AppOptions,
+    power_info: PowerData,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+struct PowerData {
+    charging:   bool,
+    level:      u64,
+}
+
+impl PowerData {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        PowerData {
+            charging:   true,
+            level:      100,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl UnibarModulePower {
+    // --------------------
+    pub fn new(o :common::AppOptions) -> Self {
+        UnibarModulePower {
+            opts:       o,
+            power_info: PowerData::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleActions for UnibarModulePower {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_name(&self) -> String {
+        return "UnibarModulePower".to_string();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.power_info = PowerData::new();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn generate_data(&mut self) {
+        // Following command is used to get power data:
+        //   % upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/DisplayDevice
+        //
+        // In UPower, the "display device" is a special object that represents the combined
+        // power status that should be shown in desktop environments.
+        //
+        // Purpose:
+        //
+        //     It acts as a central point of information for the power icon displayed in your
+        //     system's notification area or taskbar.
+        //     Instead of desktop environments having to query all individual power sources,
+        //     they can access this single "display device" to get a summary of the overall
+        //     power status.
+        //
+        // Key characteristics:
+        //
+        //     Composite device: It combines information from multiple power sources
+        //          (like batteries, UPS) to provide a unified view.
+        //     Object path: It has a dedicated object path, typically
+        //          /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/DisplayDevice.
+        //     Properties: It exposes properties like Type, State, Percentage, TimeToEmpty,
+        //          TimeToFull, and IconName to describe the device's status and
+        //          icon representation.
+        //     Dynamic Type: Unlike real devices, the Type of the display device can
+        //          change (e.g., from Battery to UPS) depending on the current power situation.
+        //
+        // In essence, the "display device" simplifies power management for desktop environments
+        // by providing a convenient interface to show the relevant power information to the user.
+        //
+        let power_dump = Command::new("upower")
+                         .arg("--dump")
+                         .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+                         .output()
+                         .unwrap();
+        let power_str = String::from_utf8(power_dump.stdout).unwrap();
+        let lines: Vec<&str> = power_str.split('\n').map(|s| s.trim()).collect();
+        let mut found_device: bool = false;
+
+        // let devices: HashMap<String, HashMap<String, String>>::new();
+        // let cur_dev: HashMap<String, String>::new();
+
+        for line in lines {
+            if line.is_empty() { continue };
+
+            let dev_re = Regex::new(r"^Device:\s+(.*)").unwrap();
+            if let Some(caps) = dev_re.captures(line) {
+                if let Some((last, _els)) = &caps[1].split('/').collect::<Vec<_>>().split_last() {
+                    if self.opts.debug {
+                        println!("-----> Power dump - Device - {:#?}", last);
+                    }
+                    if last.to_string() == "DisplayDevice" {
+                        found_device = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if found_device {
+                let level_re = Regex::new(r"^percentage:\s+(\d+)").unwrap();
+                if let Some(caps) = level_re.captures(line) {
+                    self.power_info.level = caps[1].parse().unwrap_or(0);
+                    if self.opts.debug {
+                        println!("-----> Power dump - level - {:#?}", self.power_info.level);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                let state_re = Regex::new(r"^state:\s+(\S+)").unwrap();
+                if let Some(caps) = state_re.captures(line) {
+                    self.power_info.charging = caps[1].to_string() != "discharging";
+                    if self.opts.debug {
+                        println!("-----> Power dump - charging - {:#?}", self.power_info.charging);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // if self.opts.debug {
+            //     println!("-----> Power dump {:#?}", line);
+            // }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_content(&self) -> String {
+        // return format!("{}", parts.join(" "));
+        return format!("{:.0}%", self.power_info.level);
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_icon(&self) -> String {
+        match self.power_info.charging {
+            true    => return "🔌".to_string(),
+            false   => return "🔋".to_string()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleDebug for UnibarModulePower {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn post_debug(&self) {
+    }
+}

src/bar_modules/bar_module_time.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// MIT License
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh @ HeshApps
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+//! Time module for Unibar
+//!
+//! This module displays the current time with timezone information.
+//! It automatically updates to show the current time in 12-hour format
+//! with AM/PM indicator.
+//!
+//! # Features
+//! - 12-hour time format with AM/PM
+//! - Timezone display
+//! - Automatic updates
+//! - Unicode clock icon
+
+use chrono::{DateTime, TimeZone, Local, Utc};
+use crate::common;
+use crate::bar_modules;
+use chrono_tz::{OffsetName, Tz};
+
+/// Time display module showing current time and timezone
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct UnibarModuleTime {
+    opts:       common::AppOptions,
+    date_time:  DateTime<Local>,
+    time_zone:  String,
+}
+
+impl UnibarModuleTime {
+    // --------------------
+    pub fn new(o :common::AppOptions) -> Self {
+        UnibarModuleTime {
+            opts:       o,
+            date_time:  Local::now(),
+            time_zone:  "".to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleActions for UnibarModuleTime {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_name(&self) -> String {
+        return "UnibarModuleTime".to_string();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.date_time = Local::now();
+        self.time_zone = "".to_string();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn generate_data(&mut self) {
+        match iana_time_zone::get_timezone() {
+            Ok(tz_str) => {
+                let tz: Tz = tz_str.parse().expect("Trouble parsing timezone string");
+                let offset = tz.offset_from_utc_date(&Utc::now().date_naive());
+                self.time_zone = offset.abbreviation()
+                                 .expect("Trouble abbreviating timezone")
+                                 .to_string();
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                eprintln!("Trouble getting timezone: {e}");
+            }
+        }
+        if self.opts.debug {
+            println!("-----> Time dump {:#?}", self.date_time);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_content(&self) -> String {
+        return format!("{} {}", self.date_time.format("%I:%M%p"), self.time_zone);
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_icon(&self) -> String {
+        return "🕑".to_string();
+    }
+}
+
+impl bar_modules::BarModuleDebug for UnibarModuleTime {
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn post_debug(&self) {
+    }
+}

src/bar_modules/bar_module_weather.rs

@@ -1,37 +1,113 @@
+// MIT License
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh @ HeshApps
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+//! Weather module for Unibar
+//!
+//! Fetches weather data from the National Weather Service API and displays
+//! current temperature and conditions using Unicode weather symbols.
+//!
+//! # Features
+//! - Temperature display in Celsius or Fahrenheit
+//! - Automatic updates at configurable intervals
+//! - Weather condition icons using Unicode symbols
+//! - Robust error handling for API interactions
+
 use std::str;
 use curl::easy::{Easy, List};
 use serde_json::json;
 use serde_json::Value;
 use regex::Regex;
+use thiserror::Error;
+use std::num::ParseFloatError;
 
 use crate::common;
+use crate::common::UpdateResult;
 use crate::bar_modules;
 
+/// Number of cycles between weather updates
+const UPDATE_INTERVAL: u32 = 300;
+
+/// Base URL for the National Weather Service API
+const WEATHER_API_BASE: &str = "https://api.weather.gov";
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct UnibarModuleWeather {
     opts:           common::AppOptions,
     weather_info:   Value,
+    update_cnt:     u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum WeatherError {
+    #[error("Invalid temperature format: {0}")]
+    ParseError(String),
+    #[error("API response missing temperature field: {0}")]
+    ApiResponseStrErr(String),
+}
+
+impl From<ParseFloatError> for WeatherError {
+    fn from(err: ParseFloatError) -> Self {
+        WeatherError::ParseError(err.to_string())
+    }
 }
 
 impl UnibarModuleWeather {
+    const FAHRENHEIT_MULTIPLIER: f64 = 9.0 / 5.0;
+    const FAHRENHEIT_OFFSET: f64 = 32.0;
+
+    fn celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius: f64) -> f64 {
+        celsius * Self::FAHRENHEIT_MULTIPLIER + Self::FAHRENHEIT_OFFSET
+    }
 
     // --------------------
-    pub fn new(o :common::AppOptions) -> UnibarModuleWeather {
+    pub fn new(o :common::AppOptions) -> Self {
         UnibarModuleWeather {
             opts: o,
             weather_info: json!(serde_json::Value::Null),
+            update_cnt: 0,
         }
     }
 
     // --------------------
-    fn get_current_temperature(&self) -> f32 {
-        let deg_c :f32 = self.weather_info["features"][0]["properties"]["temperature"]["value"]
-                                    .to_string().parse().unwrap();
+    fn get_current_temperature(&self) -> Result<f64, WeatherError> {
+        let deg_c = match &self.weather_info {
+            serde_json::Value::Null => 0.0,
+            _ => {
+                // Safely navigate the JSON structure
+                self.weather_info
+                    .get("features")
+                    .and_then(|f| f.get(0))
+                    .and_then(|f| f.get("properties"))
+                    .and_then(|p| p.get("temperature"))
+                    .and_then(|t| t.get("value"))
+                    .and_then(|v| v.as_f64())
+                    .ok_or(WeatherError::ApiResponseStrErr("as_str likely failed".to_string()))?
+                    // .parse()?
+            }
+        };
 
-        match self.opts.weather_units {
-            common::TemperatureUnits::Metric => return deg_c,
-            common::TemperatureUnits::Imperial => return (deg_c * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32.0,
-        }
+        Ok(match self.opts.weather_units {
+            common::TemperatureUnits::Metric => deg_c,
+            common::TemperatureUnits::Imperial => Self::celsius_to_fahrenheit(deg_c),
+        })
     }
 
     // --------------------
@@ -88,7 +164,8 @@ impl UnibarModuleWeather {
         let mut url_string  = Vec::new();
         let mut curl_ret    = Vec::new();
 
-        url_string.push("https://api.weather.gov/icons".to_owned());
+        url_string.push(WEATHER_API_BASE.to_owned());
+        url_string.push("/icons".to_owned());
 
         curl.url(url_string.concat().as_str()).unwrap();
         {
@@ -150,56 +227,111 @@ impl UnibarModuleWeather {
 
 impl bar_modules::BarModuleActions for UnibarModuleWeather {
 
+    // --------------------
+    fn get_name(&self) -> String {
+        return "UnibarModuleWeather".to_string();
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    // Weather update every 60 cycles
+    fn should_update(&mut self) -> UpdateResult {
+        if self.update_cnt == 0 {
+            self.update_cnt = UPDATE_INTERVAL;
+            return UpdateResult::Update;
+        } else {
+            self.update_cnt -= 1;
+            return UpdateResult::Skip;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.weather_info = json!(serde_json::Value::Null);
+    }
+
     // --------------------
     fn generate_data(&mut self) {
         // Print a web page onto stdout
         let mut curl        = Easy::new();
         let mut url_string  = Vec::new();
         let mut curl_ret    = Vec::new();
+        let mut curl_err    = false;
 
-        url_string.push("https://api.weather.gov/stations/".to_owned());
+        url_string.push(WEATHER_API_BASE.to_owned());
+        url_string.push("/stations/".to_owned());
         url_string.push(self.opts.weather_station.to_owned());
         url_string.push("/observations?limit=1".to_owned());
 
         curl.url(url_string.concat().as_str()).unwrap();
-        {
-            let mut list = List::new();
-            list.append("User-Agent: Bar Weather (mahesh@heshapps.com)").unwrap();
-            curl.http_headers(list).unwrap();
 
+        let mut list = List::new();
+        list.append("User-Agent: Bar Weather (mahesh@heshapps.com)").unwrap();
+        curl.http_headers(list).unwrap();
+
+        // Scoped block to handle the data transfer (Credit: Gemini)
+        {
             let mut transfer = curl.transfer();
 
+            // Configure callback to write received response
             transfer.write_function(|data| {
                 curl_ret.extend_from_slice(data);
                 Ok(data.len())
             }).unwrap();
-            transfer.perform().unwrap();
-        }
-        if self.opts.debug_json {
-            println!("-----> curl_data - [{}]", std::str::from_utf8(&curl_ret).unwrap());
-        }
 
-        self.weather_info = serde_json::from_str(str::from_utf8(&curl_ret).unwrap()).unwrap();
+            // Perform the request once configured
+            if let Err(e) = transfer.perform() {
+                eprintln!("Curl error: {e}");
+                curl_err = true;
+            }
+        }  // transfer goes out of scope and cleans up here
+
+        if !curl_err {
+            let curl_reg_str = String::from_utf8(curl_ret).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                "".to_string()
+            });
+            self.weather_info = serde_json::from_str(curl_reg_str.as_str()).unwrap();
+
+            if self.weather_info["features"][0]["properties"]["temperature"]["value"] == serde_json::Value::Null {
+                self.weather_info = serde_json::Value::Null;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     // --------------------
     fn get_content(&self) -> String {
-        let temperature_value :f32 = self.get_current_temperature();
-        let temperature_unit :String = self.get_temperature_unit();
+        let temperature_value   :f64 = self.get_current_temperature().expect("Temperature query");
+        let temperature_unit    :String = self.get_temperature_unit();
         // let temperature_icon :String = self.get_icon(v.clone());
 
-        return format!("{:.2}{}", temperature_value, temperature_unit);
+        return format!("{:.0}{}", temperature_value, temperature_unit);
     }
 
     // --------------------
     fn get_icon(&self) -> String {
-        // "icon": "https://api.weather.gov/icons/land/night/ovc?size=medium",
-        let re = Regex::new(r"(\w+)\?size").unwrap();
-        let json_val = self.weather_info["features"][0]["properties"]["icon"].to_string();
-        let caps = re.captures(&json_val).unwrap();
 
-        // println!("{}", caps.get(1).unwrap().as_str());
-        return self.get_unicode_symbol(caps.get(1).unwrap().as_str());
+        match self.weather_info {
+            serde_json::Value::Null => {
+                return "⁈".to_string();
+            }
+            _ => {
+                // "icon": "https://api.weather.gov/icons/land/night/ovc?size=medium",
+                let re = Regex::new(r"(\w+)\?size").unwrap();
+                let json_val = self.weather_info["features"][0]["properties"]["icon"].to_string();
+                if self.opts.debug {
+                    println!("-----> weather_data - {:#?}", self.weather_info["features"][0]["properties"]);
+                }
+                match self.weather_info["features"][0]["properties"]["icon"] {
+                    serde_json::Value::Null => {
+                        return "⁈".to_string();
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        let caps = re.captures(&json_val).unwrap();
+
+                        return self.get_unicode_symbol(caps.get(1).unwrap().as_str());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -211,3 +343,403 @@ impl bar_modules::BarModuleDebug for UnibarModuleWeather {
         self.show_icons();
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::bar_modules::BarModuleActions;  // Add this line
+    use crate::common::AppOptions;
+    use crate::common::TemperatureUnits;
+
+    /// Creates a default AppOptions instance for testing
+    fn create_test_options(metric: bool) -> AppOptions {
+        AppOptions {
+            interval: 1,
+            weather_units: if metric { TemperatureUnits::Metric } else { TemperatureUnits::Imperial },
+            weather_station: "test_station".to_string(),
+            music_progress: false,
+            debug: false,
+            debug_modules: false,
+            debug_update: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test get_current_temperature returns correct value for metric and imperial units
+    fn test_get_current_temperature_units() {
+        let mut metric_module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+        let mut imperial_module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(false));
+
+        metric_module.weather_info = json!({
+            "features": [{
+                "properties": {
+                    "temperature": {
+                        "value": 25.0
+                    }
+                }
+            }]
+        });
+        imperial_module.weather_info = metric_module.weather_info.clone();
+
+        assert_eq!(metric_module.get_current_temperature().unwrap(), 25.0);
+        assert!((imperial_module.get_current_temperature().unwrap() - 77.0).abs() < 0.01);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test get_unicode_symbol returns default for unknown condition
+    fn test_get_unicode_symbol_default() {
+        let module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+        assert_eq!(module.get_unicode_symbol("not_a_real_condition"), "🌤️");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test clear resets weather_info to Null
+    fn test_clear_resets_weather_info() {
+        let mut module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+        module.weather_info = json!({"features": []});
+        module.clear();
+        assert_eq!(module.weather_info, json!(serde_json::Value::Null));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test get_content returns formatted temperature string
+    fn test_get_content_format() {
+        let mut module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+        module.weather_info = json!({
+            "features": [{
+                "properties": {
+                    "temperature": {
+                        "value": 18.7
+                    }
+                }
+            }]
+        });
+        let content = module.get_content();
+        assert!(content.starts_with("19°C"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test get_icon returns fallback when icon is missing
+    fn test_get_icon_missing_icon() {
+        let mut module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+        module.weather_info = json!({
+            "features": [{
+                "properties": {
+                    "icon": serde_json::Value::Null
+                }
+            }]
+        });
+        assert_eq!(module.get_icon(), "⁈");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test get_icon returns fallback when weather_info is Null
+    fn test_get_icon_null_weather_info() {
+        let module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+        assert_eq!(module.get_icon(), "⁈");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test weather module initialization
+    fn test_module_initialization() {
+        let module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+        assert_eq!(module.update_cnt, 0);
+        assert_eq!(module.weather_info, json!(serde_json::Value::Null));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test temperature unit display
+    fn test_temperature_unit_display() {
+        let metric_module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+        let imperial_module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(false));
+
+        assert_eq!(metric_module.get_temperature_unit(), "°C");
+        assert_eq!(imperial_module.get_temperature_unit(), "°F");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test weather condition to Unicode symbol mapping
+    fn test_unicode_symbol_mapping() {
+        let module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+
+        assert_eq!(module.get_unicode_symbol("snow"), "❄️");
+        assert_eq!(module.get_unicode_symbol("ovc"), "☁️");
+        assert_eq!(module.get_unicode_symbol("rain"), "🌧️");
+        assert_eq!(module.get_unicode_symbol("unknown"), "🌤️");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test error handling for invalid temperature data
+    fn test_error_handling() {
+        let mut module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+
+        // Test null weather info
+        assert!(module.get_current_temperature().is_ok());
+        assert_eq!(module.get_current_temperature().unwrap(), 0.0);
+
+        // Test invalid JSON structure
+        module.weather_info = json!({
+            "features": [{
+                "properties": {
+                    "temperature": {
+                        "value": "invalid"
+                    }
+                }
+            }]
+        });
+        assert!(module.get_current_temperature().is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test update counter behavior. Update only when update_cnt==0
+    fn test_update_counter() {
+        let mut module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+
+        assert_eq!(module.update_cnt, 0);
+        assert_eq!(module.should_update(), UpdateResult::Update);
+
+        module.update_cnt = UPDATE_INTERVAL - 1;
+        assert_eq!(module.should_update(), UpdateResult::Skip);
+
+        module.update_cnt = UPDATE_INTERVAL;
+        assert_eq!(module.should_update(), UpdateResult::Skip);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test JSON parsing with valid weather data
+    fn test_valid_weather_data_parsing() {
+        let mut module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+
+        // Simulate valid weather data
+        module.weather_info = json!({
+            "features": [{
+                "properties": {
+                    "temperature": {
+                        "value": 20.5
+                    }
+                }
+            }]
+        });
+
+        // println!("{:#?}", module.weather_info);
+        let result = module.get_current_temperature();
+        // println!("{:#?}", result);
+        match result {
+            Ok(20.5) => {
+                // This is fine - we expect 20.5 for valid weather_info
+                assert_eq!(module.weather_info["features"][0]["properties"]["temperature"]["value"], 20.5);
+            },
+            Err(WeatherError::ApiResponseStrErr(_)) => {
+                assert!(false, "Expected valid temperature but got ApiResponseStrErr");
+            },
+            other => {
+                panic!("Unexpected result: {:?}", other);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test icon extraction from weather API URL
+    fn test_icon_extraction() {
+        let mut module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+
+        // Simulate weather data with icon URL
+        module.weather_info = json!({
+            "features": [{
+                "properties": {
+                    "icon": "https://api.weather.gov/icons/land/night/ovc?size=medium"
+                }
+            }]
+        });
+        let icon = module.get_icon();
+        // println!("Extracted icon: {}", icon);
+        // Check if the icon is correctly extracted
+        assert_eq!(icon, "☁️");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test handling of malformed/incomplete JSON structures
+    fn test_missing_json_structure() {
+        let mut module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+
+        // Test cases with increasingly incomplete JSON structures
+        let test_cases = vec![
+            // Missing value field
+            json!({
+                "features": [{
+                    "properties": {
+                        "temperature": {}
+                    }
+                }]
+            }),
+            // Missing temperature object
+            json!({
+                "features": [{
+                    "properties": {}
+                }]
+            }),
+            // Missing properties
+            json!({
+                "features": [{}]
+            }),
+            // Empty features array
+            json!({
+                "features": []
+            }),
+            // Missing features
+            json!({}),
+            // Completely different structure
+            json!({
+                "unexpected": "structure"
+            }),
+            // Empty object
+            json!({}),
+            // Null value
+            json!(null),
+            // Array instead of object
+            json!([1, 2, 3]),
+            // Wrong data types
+            json!({
+                "features": [{
+                    "properties": {
+                        "temperature": {
+                            "value": true  // boolean instead of number
+                        }
+                    }
+                }]
+            }),
+        ];
+
+        for (i, test_case) in test_cases.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            module.weather_info = test_case;
+            let result = module.get_current_temperature();
+
+            match result {
+                Ok(0.0) => {
+                    // This is fine - we expect 0.0 for null weather_info
+                    assert_eq!(module.weather_info, json!(null),
+                        "Case {}: Should return 0.0 only for null weather_info", i);
+                },
+                Err(WeatherError::ApiResponseStrErr(_)) => {
+                    // This is also fine - we expect ApiResponseStrErr for malformed data
+                },
+                other => {
+                    panic!("Case {}: Unexpected result: {:?}", i, other);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test handling of malformed temperature values
+    fn test_invalid_temperature_values() {
+        let mut module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+
+        let test_cases = vec![
+            // Invalid temperature values
+            json!({
+                "features": [{
+                    "properties": {
+                        "temperature": {
+                            "value": "not a number"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }]
+            }),
+            json!({
+                "features": [{
+                    "properties": {
+                        "temperature": {
+                            "value": ""
+                        }
+                    }
+                }]
+            }),
+            json!({
+                "features": [{
+                    "properties": {
+                        "temperature": {
+                            "value": null
+                        }
+                    }
+                }]
+            }),
+            json!({
+                "features": [{
+                    "properties": {
+                        "temperature": {
+                            "value": {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                }]
+            }),
+            json!({
+                "features": [{
+                    "properties": {
+                        "temperature": {
+                            "value": []
+                        }
+                    }
+                }]
+            })
+        ];
+
+        for (i, test_case) in test_cases.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            module.weather_info = test_case;
+            let result = module.get_current_temperature();
+
+            assert!(matches!(result, Err(WeatherError::ApiResponseStrErr(_))),
+                "Case {}: Expected ApiResponseStrErr for invalid temperature value", i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    /// Test that deep nested access is safe
+    fn test_deep_nested_access() {
+        let mut module = UnibarModuleWeather::new(create_test_options(true));
+
+        // Test accessing nested fields that don't exist
+        let test_cases = vec![
+            // Deeper nesting than expected
+            json!({
+                "features": [{
+                    "properties": {
+                        "temperature": {
+                            "value": {
+                                "nested": "too deep"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }]
+            }),
+            // Missing intermediate fields
+            json!({
+                "features": [{
+                    "properties": {
+                        "temperature": {
+                            "missing_value": 20.5
+                        }
+                    }
+                }]
+            }),
+            // Wrong nesting structure
+            json!({
+                "features": {  // Object instead of array
+                    "properties": {
+                        "temperature": {
+                            "value": 20.5
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            })
+        ];
+
+        for (i, test_case) in test_cases.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            module.weather_info = test_case;
+            let result = module.get_current_temperature();
+
+            assert!(matches!(result, Err(WeatherError::ApiResponseStrErr(_))),
+                "Case {}: Expected ApiResponseStrErr for invalid nested structure", i);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/bar_modules/mod.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,72 @@
-// --------------------
-/// All Bar modules must implement the actions
+// MIT License
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh @ HeshApps
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+//! Bar modules for the Unibar status bar
+//!
+//! This module contains implementations of various status bar components that
+//! display system information like weather, CPU usage, memory, etc.
+//!
+//! Each module implements the `BarModuleActions` trait which defines the core
+//! functionality required for status bar components.
+
+use crate::common::UpdateResult;
+
+/// Core trait that must be implemented by all bar modules.
+/// 
+/// This trait defines the interface that every status bar component must implement
+/// to provide its functionality to the Unibar system.
 pub trait BarModuleActions {
-    /// Do necessary processing to generate data for this bar module
+    /// Returns the name of the module
+    fn get_name(&self) -> String;
+
+    /// Cleans up any state before refreshing data
+    fn clear(&mut self);
+
+    /// Fetches and processes new data for the module
     fn generate_data(&mut self);
 
-    /// Return String content to be displayed in the bar
+    /// Returns the formatted content to display in the bar
     fn get_content(&self) -> String;
 
-    /// Return a Unicode icon to display before content in the bar.
-    /// This icon may differ based on content of the data
+    /// Returns a Unicode icon representing the module's current state
     fn get_icon(&self) -> String;
+
+    /// Determines if the module should update its data
+    /// Default implementation always returns Update
+    fn should_update(&mut self) -> UpdateResult {
+        return UpdateResult::Update;
+    }
 }
 
 pub trait BarModuleDebug {
-    /// Print debug information at the end
+    /// Prints debug information about the module
     fn post_debug(&self);
 }
 
+// Module declarations
 pub mod bar_module_weather;
 pub mod bar_module_music;
+pub mod bar_module_network;
+pub mod bar_module_memory;
+pub mod bar_module_cpu;
+pub mod bar_module_power;
+pub mod bar_module_date;
+pub mod bar_module_time;

src/common/mod.rs

@@ -12,20 +12,28 @@ pub enum TemperatureUnits {
 impl fmt::Display for TemperatureUnits {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
-           TemperatureUnits::Metric => write!(f, "Metric"),
-           TemperatureUnits::Imperial => write!(f, "Imperial"),
+           TemperatureUnits::Metric     => write!(f, "Metric"),
+           TemperatureUnits::Imperial   => write!(f, "Imperial"),
        }
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug,PartialEq,Eq,Copy,Clone)]
+pub enum UpdateResult {
+    Update,
+    Skip
+}
+
 // --------------------
 // Application options
 // --------------------
 #[derive(Debug,Clone)]
 pub struct AppOptions {
-    pub weather_units: TemperatureUnits,
-    pub weather_station: String,
-    pub music_progress: bool,
-    pub debug_json: bool,
-    pub debug_modules: bool,
+    pub interval:           u64,
+    pub weather_units:      TemperatureUnits,
+    pub weather_station:    String,
+    pub music_progress:     bool,
+    pub debug:              bool,
+    pub debug_modules:      bool,
+    pub debug_update:       bool,
 }

src/main.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,71 @@
+// MIT License
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh @ HeshApps
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+//! Unibar - A Versatile Status Bar Information Provider
+//!
+//! Unibar is a customizable status bar information provider that displays various
+//! system metrics and information in a format suitable for integration with
+//! status bars like i3bar, polybar, or similar tools.
+//!
+//! # Features
+//! - System monitoring (CPU, memory, network)
+//! - Power management (battery status, charging)
+//! - Weather information
+//! - Date and time display
+//! - Music playback information
+//! - Configurable update intervals
+//! - Support for both metric and imperial units
+//!
+//! # Usage
+//! ```bash
+//! unibar --interval 1 --weather-station khio --weather-metric
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The output is formatted as a string that can be directly used
+//! by status bar applications.
+
 use std::str;
+use std::thread;
+use std::time::Duration;
 use clap::Parser;
+use crate::common::UpdateResult;
 
-// Common utilities/types
+/// Common utilities and types used across modules
 mod common;
-// Bar Modules
+/// Status bar component modules
 mod bar_modules;
-
-// Commandline parsing
+/// Command-line arguments for configuring Unibar behavior
 #[derive(Parser, Debug)]
 #[command(name = "unibar")]
 #[command(version = "1.0")]
-#[command(about = "Get string of info for a status bar")]
-#[command(about, long_about = "A tool that returns variety of components in a string
- suitable to use in a status bar")]
+#[command(about = "A versatile status bar information provider")]
+#[command(long_about = "Unibar provides system information, weather, and other metrics \
+    in a format suitable for status bars. It supports various modules including \
+    system monitoring, weather information, and music playback status.")]
 struct CommandlineArgs {
+    /// The frequency at which information is updated, in seconds.
+    /// Lower values provide more frequent updates but increase system load.
+    #[arg(short = 'i', long, default_value = "1")]
+    interval: u64,
+
     /// Name of the weather station
     #[arg(short = 's', long, default_value = "khio")]
     weather_station: String,
@@ -26,70 +78,129 @@ struct CommandlineArgs {
     #[arg(short = 'p', long)]
     music_progress: bool,
 
-    /// Show JSON data returned by query
+    /// Show verbose debug information during run
     #[arg(short = 'D', long)]
-    debug_json: bool,
+    debug: bool,
 
-    /// Show ICON debug information
-    #[arg(short = 'I', long)]
+    /// Show module debug information after all modules are evaluated
+    /// but before output is printed
+    #[arg(short = 'M', long)]
     debug_modules: bool,
+
+    /// Show module debug information after all modules are evaluated
+    /// but before output is printed
+    #[arg(short = 'U', long)]
+    debug_update: bool,
 }
 
 //
 // Application (Unibar)
 //
-#[derive(Clone)]
+//#[derive(Clone)]
+/// Main application structure that manages all status bar modules
+/// and coordinates their updates.
 struct Unibar {
-    // acts    :UnibarActions
+    /// Application-wide configuration options
     opts: common::AppOptions,
+    /// List of active status bar modules
+    bar_modules_enabled: Vec<Box<dyn bar_modules::BarModuleActions>>,
+    /// Flag to track if module debugging has been performed
+    debug_modules_done: bool,
 }
 
 impl Unibar {
-    // --------------------
-    fn run(&self) {
-        if self.opts.debug_json {
+    /// Starts the main application loop, initializing all modules and
+    /// updating them at the configured interval.
+    ///
+    /// This function:
+    /// 1. Initializes all enabled modules
+    /// 2. Enters an infinite loop for updates
+    /// 3. Coordinates module updates based on their individual timing requirements
+    fn run(&mut self) {
+        if self.opts.debug {
             self.debug_msg("Debugging ...");
         }
         self.check_options();
 
         // Set up a list of all modules to be used
-        let bar_modules_enabled: Vec<Box<dyn bar_modules::BarModuleActions>> = vec! [
-            Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_weather::UnibarModuleWeather::new(self.opts.clone())),
-            Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_music::UnibarModuleMusic::new(self.opts.clone())),
-        ];
+        self.bar_modules_enabled.push(Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_music::UnibarModuleMusic::new(self.opts.clone())));
+        self.bar_modules_enabled.push(Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_memory::UnibarModuleMemory::new(self.opts.clone())));
+        self.bar_modules_enabled.push(Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_cpu::UnibarModuleCpu::new(self.opts.clone())));
+        self.bar_modules_enabled.push(Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_power::UnibarModulePower::new(self.opts.clone())));
+        self.bar_modules_enabled.push(Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_network::UnibarModuleNetwork::new(self.opts.clone())));
+        self.bar_modules_enabled.push(Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_weather::UnibarModuleWeather::new(self.opts.clone())));
+        self.bar_modules_enabled.push(Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_date::UnibarModuleDate::new(self.opts.clone())));
+        self.bar_modules_enabled.push(Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_time::UnibarModuleTime::new(self.opts.clone())));
 
+        // Run in a forever-loop ...
+        loop {
+            // ... to update the bar contents ...
+            self.update_bar_contents();
+            // ... at specfied interval
+            thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.opts.interval * 1000));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn update_bar_contents(&mut self) {
         // Get module's part to be displayed in the bar
         let mut parts = Vec::new();
-        for mut md in bar_modules_enabled {
+        for md in &mut self.bar_modules_enabled {
             let mut mod_parts = Vec::new();
 
-            // Each bar module implements following 3 steps:
+            // Each bar module implements following 4 steps:
+            //   * Clear data from previous iteration
             //   * Generate raw data with pertinent information
             //   * Return a unicode icon to be displayed
             //   * Return a String content to be displayed after the icon
             //
             // Following generates ICON+CONTENT string for a module to be displayed
             // in the bar
-            md.generate_data();
+            match md.should_update() {
+                UpdateResult::Update => {
+                    md.clear();
+                    md.generate_data();
+                }
+                UpdateResult::Skip => {
+                    if self.opts.debug_update {
+                        println!("Skipping module {}", md.get_name());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             mod_parts.push(md.get_icon());
             mod_parts.push(md.get_content());
 
             parts.push(mod_parts.join(" "));
         }
 
-        // Show module debug information if enabled
-        if self.opts.debug_modules {
-            let bar_modules_debugged: Vec<Box<dyn bar_modules::BarModuleDebug>> = vec! [
-                Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_weather::UnibarModuleWeather::new(self.opts.clone())),
-                Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_music::UnibarModuleMusic::new(self.opts.clone())),
-            ];
-            for md in bar_modules_debugged {
-                md.post_debug();
-            }
-        }
+        self.show_module_debug();
 
         // Print parts provided by each module
-        println!("{}", parts.join(" "));
+        println!("status {}", parts.join(" "));
+    }
+
+    // --------------------
+    fn show_module_debug(&mut self) {
+        // Show module debug information if enabled
+        if self.opts.debug_modules {
+            if !self.debug_modules_done {
+                let bar_modules_debugged: Vec<Box<dyn bar_modules::BarModuleDebug>> = vec! [
+                    Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_weather::UnibarModuleWeather::new(self.opts.clone())),
+                    Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_music::UnibarModuleMusic::new(self.opts.clone())),
+                    Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_memory::UnibarModuleMemory::new(self.opts.clone())),
+                    Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_network::UnibarModuleNetwork::new(self.opts.clone())),
+                    Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_cpu::UnibarModuleCpu::new(self.opts.clone())),
+                    Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_power::UnibarModulePower::new(self.opts.clone())),
+                    Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_date::UnibarModuleDate::new(self.opts.clone())),
+                    Box::new(bar_modules::bar_module_time::UnibarModuleTime::new(self.opts.clone())),
+                ];
+                for md in bar_modules_debugged {
+                    md.post_debug();
+                }
+                self.debug_modules_done = true;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     // --------------------
@@ -108,20 +219,33 @@ impl Unibar {
     }
 }
 
-//
-// Entry point
-//
+/// Main entry point for the Unibar application.
+///
+/// This function:
+/// 1. Parses command-line arguments
+/// 2. Creates and configures the main application instance
+/// 3. Starts the application loop
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```bash
+/// # Run with metric units and 1-second updates
+/// unibar --interval 1 --weather-metric
+/// ```
 fn main() {
     let cmd_args = CommandlineArgs::parse();
-    let app = Unibar {
+    let mut app = Unibar {
         opts: common::AppOptions {
+            interval: cmd_args.interval as u64,
             weather_units: if cmd_args.weather_metric { common::TemperatureUnits::Metric }
                                                  else { common::TemperatureUnits::Imperial },
             weather_station: cmd_args.weather_station,
             music_progress: cmd_args.music_progress,
-            debug_json: cmd_args.debug_json,
-            debug_modules: cmd_args.debug_modules
+            debug: cmd_args.debug,
+            debug_modules: cmd_args.debug_modules,
+            debug_update: cmd_args.debug_update,
         },
+        bar_modules_enabled: Vec::new(),
+        debug_modules_done: false,
     };
 
     app.run();